Implementation considerations of key knowledge users for building online mindfulness-based interventions for people with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) can effectively reduce stress in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Online MBIs address access barriers, but large-scale implementation from the perspectives of key knowledge users remains understudied. This study explored the implementation considerations of PwMS, care partners, MS clinicians and MBI instructors for building online MBIs for PwMS.

Materials and methods: A qualitative descriptive design with an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) approach. Virtual semi-structured interviews explored the perspectives of PwMS (n = 10), care partners (n = 3), MS clinicians (n = 8), and MBI instructors (n = 8). An inductive thematic analysis approach was used.

Results: Four themes were identified: (1) daily mindfulness: structuring and conceptualizing mindfulness for PwMS, (2) unlocking access through enhanced clinician awareness and advocacy: building pathways to MBIs for PwMS, (3) validating mindfulness experiences: the importance of MBI group composition and instructor interactions for PwMS, and (4) sustained engagement: resources to create and navigate MBIs for PwMS.

Conclusions: PwMS valued diverse participant groups and control over tailoring MBIs to their needs. However, guidance from a clinician may be needed to foster self-agency for PwMS. MBIs serve a multifaceted role for PwMS, extending beyond the diagnosis. Shared decision-making amongst knowledge users can enhance flexible programming of online MBIs.