When theory and therapy part ways-A scoping review of the science-to-practice gap.

Objective: In this review, we explore challenges and factors related to the scientist-practitioner gap in psychotherapy.

Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature and conducted a qualitative thematic analysis describing the science-to-practice gap. We summarized various definitions and identified themes related to the science-to-practice gap in psychotherapy.

Results: Specific to psychotherapists, factors such as more scientific education, a cognitive-behavioral school orientation, and personal preferences reduce the gap. Moreover, as contextual factors, institutional support, incentives for employing evidence-based interventions, and supportive working environments foster more adherence to the principles of Evidence-Based Mental Health (EBMH). There are concerns about the validity and applicability of research evidence for clinical practice, including criticism of rigid research methodology that neglects the individuality of the therapeutic relationship, patients, and treatment complexity. Various epistemological assumptions influence the gap between science and practice. In addition to identifying strategies for bridging the gap, such as dialogue and collaboration between scientists and practitioners, we included a historical examination of the codes showing the trends of different themes over time.

Conclusion: We encourage dialogue between research and practice, a discussion on research priorities, clinical perspectives, diverse methodologies, individualized treatments, therapist practices, and policy incentives.