{"title":"噬菌体通过调节共生微生物群间接维持番茄植株的病原体防御。","authors":"Reena Debray, Asa Conover, Britt Koskella","doi":"10.1093/ismeco/ycaf065","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As parasites of bacteria, phages can regulate microbiome diversity and composition and may therefore affect susceptibility to pathogens and disease. Many infectious diseases are associated with altered bacteriophage communities, but observational studies alone do not allow us to determine when altered phage community composition is a contributor to disease risk, a response to infection, or simply an indicator of dysbiosis. To address this question directly, we used size-selective filtration to deplete plant-associated microbial communities of phages, then challenged plants with the bacterial pathogen <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>. Plants with phage-depleted microbiomes were more susceptible to infection, an effect that could not be explained by direct effects of the phage communities on either <i>P. syringae</i> or the plant host. Moreover, the presence of phages was most impactful when the phage communities were isolated from neighboring field locations rather than from the same host plant as the bacteria, possibly suggesting that moderate rates of lysis maintain a community structure that is most resistant to pathogen invasion. Overall, our results support the idea that phage communities contribute to plant defenses by modulating the microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":73516,"journal":{"name":"ISME communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"ycaf065"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066413/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Phages indirectly maintain tomato plant pathogen defense through regulation of the commensal microbiome.\",\"authors\":\"Reena Debray, Asa Conover, Britt Koskella\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/ismeco/ycaf065\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>As parasites of bacteria, phages can regulate microbiome diversity and composition and may therefore affect susceptibility to pathogens and disease. Many infectious diseases are associated with altered bacteriophage communities, but observational studies alone do not allow us to determine when altered phage community composition is a contributor to disease risk, a response to infection, or simply an indicator of dysbiosis. To address this question directly, we used size-selective filtration to deplete plant-associated microbial communities of phages, then challenged plants with the bacterial pathogen <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>. Plants with phage-depleted microbiomes were more susceptible to infection, an effect that could not be explained by direct effects of the phage communities on either <i>P. syringae</i> or the plant host. Moreover, the presence of phages was most impactful when the phage communities were isolated from neighboring field locations rather than from the same host plant as the bacteria, possibly suggesting that moderate rates of lysis maintain a community structure that is most resistant to pathogen invasion. Overall, our results support the idea that phage communities contribute to plant defenses by modulating the microbiome.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":73516,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ISME communications\",\"volume\":\"5 1\",\"pages\":\"ycaf065\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066413/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ISME communications\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycaf065\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ISME communications","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycaf065","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Phages indirectly maintain tomato plant pathogen defense through regulation of the commensal microbiome.
As parasites of bacteria, phages can regulate microbiome diversity and composition and may therefore affect susceptibility to pathogens and disease. Many infectious diseases are associated with altered bacteriophage communities, but observational studies alone do not allow us to determine when altered phage community composition is a contributor to disease risk, a response to infection, or simply an indicator of dysbiosis. To address this question directly, we used size-selective filtration to deplete plant-associated microbial communities of phages, then challenged plants with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Plants with phage-depleted microbiomes were more susceptible to infection, an effect that could not be explained by direct effects of the phage communities on either P. syringae or the plant host. Moreover, the presence of phages was most impactful when the phage communities were isolated from neighboring field locations rather than from the same host plant as the bacteria, possibly suggesting that moderate rates of lysis maintain a community structure that is most resistant to pathogen invasion. Overall, our results support the idea that phage communities contribute to plant defenses by modulating the microbiome.