[Campylobacter lari bacteremia during treatment of pure red cell aplasia following major ABO-mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

Campylobacter lari is a rare cause of bacteremia in Campylobacter spp. Clinical course and symptoms vary by report, and no standard approaches to antimicrobial selection and duration of treatment have been established. A 68-year-old man who underwent haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a major ABO-incompatible donor with post-transplant cyclophosphamide for myelodysplastic syndromes developed pure red cell anemia and post-transfusion iron overload. On day 360, the patient developed fever and spiral-shaped gram-negative bacteria were detected by blood culture. The isolate was identified as C. lari by mass spectrometry. The isolate was resistant to levofloxacin, and intravenous cefepime was given followed by maintenance therapy with oral amoxicillin. We here report the first case of C. lari bacteremia developing after allogeneic HSCT.