Acceptability of Vaginal Human Papillomavirus Self-Collection Among Colposcopy Clinic Attendees.

Background: Cervical cancer screening with a self-collected vaginal specimen for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in May 2024, offering a potential solution to declining screening rates.

Objective: We aimed to assess acceptability of clinic-based vaginal specimen self-collection for HPV testing and to evaluate associations between participants' sociodemographics and their likelihood of choosing self-collection for future screening and the overall acceptability of using the Evalyn® brush device. We also evaluated associations between specific acceptability constructs and reported likelihood to use the device in the future and overall acceptability.

Methods: Following self-collection of a vaginal specimen, participants completed an electronic survey that measured constructs from the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Associations were assessed using logistic regressions. The study was conducted at a colposcopy clinic in the Gynecology department of a midwestern academic medical center in the United States from November 2022 through July 2023.

Results: Participants (n = 81) reported high likelihood (98% likely or very likely) of choosing in-home self-collection for future screening and unanimity on overall acceptability (100% acceptable or completely acceptable) of using the device. More affirmative responses to measures on instruction understandability, ease of device use, understanding the device is used for cervical cancer screening, and perceiving self-collection improves screening rates were associated with a higher likelihood to choose self-collection for future screenings and overall acceptability of the device (all p values <0.05).

Conclusion: Vaginal specimen self-collection for HPV testing was well-received in the studied population, with high acceptability and likelihood of uptake. Implementation efforts should provide user-friendly instructions and emphasize the benefits of self-collection for cervical cancer screening, particularly among people less likely to engage with clinician-collected speculum-based screening.