Pranav Shibu, Daniel Ra, Jemima Elise Robins, Samuel Joseph, Sheeba Anteraper
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引用次数: 0
摘要
下橄榄核(ION)是橄榄-小脑系统的关键组成部分,在自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的研究中,尽管有明显的小脑参与,但仍未得到充分的研究。这篇观点文章旨在阐明离子在小脑微电路中的关键作用及其在ASD病理生理中的潜在意义。我们回顾了自闭症中脑小脑系统和离子的结构和功能改变,重点介绍了神经解剖学、神经影像学和行为研究的发现。离子干扰虽然尚未得到充分研究,但可能在ASD的症状学中起主要作用,特别是在高阶认知能力、快速刺激处理和运动协调方面。具体来说,我们强调了在ASD中观察到的橄榄神经元形态和橄榄-小脑连接模式的异常如何可能是时间加工和运动学习缺陷的基础。此外,我们还讨论了脑干成像的挑战以及作为标准神经成像技术的超高场(UHF) 7 T MRI技术的最新进展。随着这些神经成像技术的不断发展,对离子功能区域的进一步研究有望提供对ASD过程的基本理解,并可能导致针对这一关键脑干区域的开创性治疗选择。
Terra Incognita - Contributions of the Olivo-Cerebellar System to Autism Spectrum Disorder.
The inferior olivary nuclei (ION), a key component of the olivo-cerebellar system, remain understudied in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research despite evident cerebellar involvement. This perspective piece aims to elucidate the critical role of the ION in cerebellar microcircuitry and its potential implications in ASD pathophysiology. We review the olivo- cerebellar system and the structural and functional alterations of the ION in autism, highlighting findings from neuroanatomical, neuroimaging, and behavioral studies. ION disruptions, although underexplored, may have a major role in the symptomatology of ASD, particularly higher-order cognitive abilities, rapid stimuli processing, and motor coordination. Specifically, we highlight how anomalies in olivary neuron morphology and olivo-cerebellar connectivity patterns may underlie deficits in temporal processing and motor learning observed in ASD. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges in brainstem imaging and recent advancements in ultra-high field (UHF) 7 T MRI technology, as standard neuroimaging techniques. As these neuroimaging techniques continue to evolve, further investigation of the functional territories of the ION holds promise for providing essential understandings into ASD processes and may lead to pioneering therapeutic options targeting this crucial brainstem area.
期刊介绍:
Official publication of the Society for Research on the Cerebellum devoted to genetics of cerebellar ataxias, role of cerebellum in motor control and cognitive function, and amid an ageing population, diseases associated with cerebellar dysfunction.
The Cerebellum is a central source for the latest developments in fundamental neurosciences including molecular and cellular biology; behavioural neurosciences and neurochemistry; genetics; fundamental and clinical neurophysiology; neurology and neuropathology; cognition and neuroimaging.
The Cerebellum benefits neuroscientists in molecular and cellular biology; neurophysiologists; researchers in neurotransmission; neurologists; radiologists; paediatricians; neuropsychologists; students of neurology and psychiatry and others.