Enhancing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality Using a Smartwatch: Neural Network Approach for Algorithm Development and Validation.

Background: Sudden cardiac arrest is a major cause of mortality, necessitating immediate and high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for improved survival rates. High-quality CPR is defined by chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute and a depth of 50-60 mm. Monitoring and maintaining these parameters in real time during emergencies remain a challenge.

Objective: This study introduces a neural network model designed to predict and assess CPR quality using accelerometer data from a smartwatch.

Methods: The study involved 83 participants performing CPR on mannequins, with accelerometer data collected via smartwatches worn by the participants. These data were aligned with gold-standard data from the mannequins. The accelerometer-derived compression data were segmented into 5-second intervals for training the neural network models. A total of 1226 neural network models were developed, incorporating variations in hyperparameters and dataset configurations to optimize performance.

Results: The optimal model demonstrated the capability to accurately predict the number of compressions and the average compression depth within a 5-second interval. The model achieved an accuracy of ±3.8 mm for compression depth and an average deviation of 0.8 compressions. The results indicated that the neural network model could accurately assess CPR quality metrics, surpassing other models discussed in the literature. The large and diverse dataset used in this study contributed to the robustness and reliability of the model.

Conclusions: This study validates the efficacy of a neural network model in accurately predicting CPR metrics using smartwatch accelerometer data. The model outperforms previous methods and shows promise for real-time feedback during CPR. Future work involves deploying the model directly on smartwatches for real-time application, potentially improving sudden cardiac arrest survival rates through immediate and accurate feedback on CPR quality.