New Perspectives on Non-Invasive Cerebellar Stimulation for Social and Affective Functions in Children and Adolescents.

Cerebellar dysfunction affects socio-affective abilities beyond motor control. Recent studies suggest that non-invasive cerebellar neurostimulation can modulate social cognition networks, offering potential therapeutic benefits for children with autism, ADHD, and mood disorders. However, its application in pediatrics remains largely unexplored. This review summarizes emerging pediatric research on cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We discuss their mechanisms, potential benefits, and safety considerations, highlighting preliminary findings that suggest feasibility and effectiveness. Ethical concerns and technical challenges related to pediatric neuroanatomy and stimulation parameters are also addressed. While early results are promising, further clinical trials and neurophysiological studies are essential to optimize protocols and confirm long-term efficacy. Advancing our understanding of cerebellar involvement in socio-affective functions could lead to innovative rehabilitation strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders.