人脑类器官:神经发育和脑部疾病的复杂、通用和与人类相关的模型。

IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY
Neural Regeneration Research Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-06 DOI:10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01639
Raquel Coronel, Rosa González-Sastre, Patricia Mateos-Martínez, Laura Maeso, Elena Llorente-Beneyto, Sabela Martín-Benito, Viviana S Costa Gagosian, Leonardo Foti, Ma Carmen González-Caballero, Victoria López-Alonso, Isabel Liste
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:大脑是人类最复杂的器官,常用的模型,如二维细胞培养和动物大脑,往往缺乏精确用于研究所需的复杂性。在这种背景下,人类大脑类器官已经成为一种有价值的工具,它提供了一个比传统动物模型更复杂、更通用、更与人类相关的系统,而传统动物模型通常无法复制人类大脑的复杂结构和功能。由于人脑类器官是研究神经发育和影响大脑的各种病理的最先进的模型,因此该领域目前正在不断发展,并且在该领域的工作非常丰富。在这篇综述中,我们给出了一个完整的概述人类大脑类器官技术,从不同类型的协议,现有的产生不同的人类大脑类器官。我们继续使用脑类器官来研究脑病理,重点是神经发育、精神、神经退行性、脑肿瘤和传染病。由于人脑类器官的潜在价值,我们描述了它们在移植、药物筛选和毒理学分析中的应用。我们还讨论了可用于研究类器官细胞多样性和生理特性的技术。最后,我们总结了目前该领域存在的局限性,例如脉管系统和小胶质细胞的发展,并强调了一些通过生物工程正在追求的新方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Human cerebral organoids: Complex, versatile, and human-relevant models of neural development and brain diseases.

The brain is the most complex human organ, and commonly used models, such as two-dimensional-cell cultures and animal brains, often lack the sophistication needed to accurately use in research. In this context, human cerebral organoids have emerged as valuable tools offering a more complex, versatile, and human-relevant system than traditional animal models, which are often unable to replicate the intricate architecture and functionality of the human brain. Since human cerebral organoids are a state-of-the-art model for the study of neurodevelopment and different pathologies affecting the brain, this field is currently under constant development, and work in this area is abundant. In this review, we give a complete overview of human cerebral organoids technology, starting from the different types of protocols that exist to generate different human cerebral organoids. We continue with the use of brain organoids for the study of brain pathologies, highlighting neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, neurodegenerative, brain tumor, and infectious diseases. Because of the potential value of human cerebral organoids, we describe their use in transplantation, drug screening, and toxicology assays. We also discuss the technologies available to study cell diversity and physiological characteristics of organoids. Finally, we summarize the limitations that currently exist in the field, such as the development of vasculature and microglia, and highlight some of the novel approaches being pursued through bioengineering.

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来源期刊
Neural Regeneration Research
Neural Regeneration Research CELL BIOLOGY-NEUROSCIENCES
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
9.80%
发文量
515
审稿时长
1.0 months
期刊介绍: Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is the Open Access journal specializing in neural regeneration and indexed by SCI-E and PubMed. The journal is committed to publishing articles on basic pathobiology of injury, repair and protection to the nervous system, while considering preclinical and clinical trials targeted at improving traumatically injuried patients and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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