Tammy L. Eaton, Valerie Danesh, Abigail C. Jones, Christine C. Kimpel, Carla M. Sevin, Han Su, Kelly M. Toth, Thomas S. Valley, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Leanne M. Boehm, Joanne McPeake
{"title":"临床医生和患者对美国健康保险公司政策的反应：高风险患者的定性研究。","authors":"Tammy L. Eaton, Valerie Danesh, Abigail C. Jones, Christine C. Kimpel, Carla M. Sevin, Han Su, Kelly M. Toth, Thomas S. Valley, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Leanne M. Boehm, Joanne McPeake","doi":"10.1111/1475-6773.14615","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objective</h3>\n \n <p>To identify specific ways in which US health insurance triggered changes in care and interrupted the encounter between clinicians and patients in post-intensive care unit (ICU) clinics.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Study Setting and Design</h3>\n \n <p>This naturalistic qualitative study was nested within a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a telemedicine ICU recovery clinic intervention. Adult participants were referred to a multidisciplinary ICU recovery clinic after septic shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a Southeastern US academic medical center.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Data Sources and Analytic Sample</h3>\n \n <p>Data were collected from 2019 to 2021. Telemedicine ICU recovery visits within the intervention group were used in this analysis. ICU recovery visits at 3- and 12-week intervals after hospital discharge were recorded and analyzed based upon the constant comparative method. Responses were initially open coded and then consolidated with the Donabedian Model of assessing healthcare quality by two investigators to organize themes and subthemes, with discrepancies in coding resolved by consensus.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Principal Findings</h3>\n \n <p>Thirty-three clinic visit transcripts from 19 patients revealed health insurance-related issues commonly elicited by clinicians. One in three patients raised health insurance-related issues during their clinical encounter. Structural barriers to ICU recovery included high out-of-pocket spending, the complexity of interfacing with health insurance companies, and health insurance literacy. Patients initiated modifications to intended care to overcome insurance-related barriers to recovery, including nonadherence to prescribed medications and treatments and crafting unsafe “workarounds” to recommended healthcare, with consequences to their recovery.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>We found that health insurance complexity and high out-of-pocket costs compromise the quality of care and recovery experienced by ICU survivors. These findings emphasize the need for solutions at the policy, payor, and healthcare system levels to mitigate barriers to ICU recovery created by health insurance, which can adversely influence affordable, timely, and appropriate critical illness survivor care.</p>\n \n <p>\n <b>Trial Registration:</b> NCT03926533</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":55065,"journal":{"name":"Health Services Research","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1475-6773.14615","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Clinician and Patient Responses to US Health Insurers' Policies: A Qualitative Study of Higher Risk Patients\",\"authors\":\"Tammy L. Eaton, Valerie Danesh, Abigail C. Jones, Christine C. Kimpel, Carla M. Sevin, Han Su, Kelly M. Toth, Thomas S. Valley, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Leanne M. 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Clinician and Patient Responses to US Health Insurers' Policies: A Qualitative Study of Higher Risk Patients
Objective
To identify specific ways in which US health insurance triggered changes in care and interrupted the encounter between clinicians and patients in post-intensive care unit (ICU) clinics.
Study Setting and Design
This naturalistic qualitative study was nested within a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a telemedicine ICU recovery clinic intervention. Adult participants were referred to a multidisciplinary ICU recovery clinic after septic shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a Southeastern US academic medical center.
Data Sources and Analytic Sample
Data were collected from 2019 to 2021. Telemedicine ICU recovery visits within the intervention group were used in this analysis. ICU recovery visits at 3- and 12-week intervals after hospital discharge were recorded and analyzed based upon the constant comparative method. Responses were initially open coded and then consolidated with the Donabedian Model of assessing healthcare quality by two investigators to organize themes and subthemes, with discrepancies in coding resolved by consensus.
Principal Findings
Thirty-three clinic visit transcripts from 19 patients revealed health insurance-related issues commonly elicited by clinicians. One in three patients raised health insurance-related issues during their clinical encounter. Structural barriers to ICU recovery included high out-of-pocket spending, the complexity of interfacing with health insurance companies, and health insurance literacy. Patients initiated modifications to intended care to overcome insurance-related barriers to recovery, including nonadherence to prescribed medications and treatments and crafting unsafe “workarounds” to recommended healthcare, with consequences to their recovery.
Conclusions
We found that health insurance complexity and high out-of-pocket costs compromise the quality of care and recovery experienced by ICU survivors. These findings emphasize the need for solutions at the policy, payor, and healthcare system levels to mitigate barriers to ICU recovery created by health insurance, which can adversely influence affordable, timely, and appropriate critical illness survivor care.
期刊介绍：
Health Services Research (HSR) is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal that provides researchers and public and private policymakers with the latest research findings, methods, and concepts related to the financing, organization, delivery, evaluation, and outcomes of health services. Rated as one of the top journals in the fields of health policy and services and health care administration, HSR publishes outstanding articles reporting the findings of original investigations that expand knowledge and understanding of the wide-ranging field of health care and that will help to improve the health of individuals and communities.
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