Leveraging microphysiological systems to expedite understanding of host-parasite interactions.

Microphysiological systems (MPS) replicate the dynamic interactions between cells, tissues, and fluids. They have emerged as transformative tools for biology and have been increasingly applied to host-parasite interactions. Offering a better representation of cellular behavior compared with traditional in vitro models, MPS can facilitate the study of parasite tropism, immune evasion, and life cycle transitions across diverse parasitic diseases. Applications span multiple host tissues and pathogens, leveraging advanced bioengineering and microfabrication techniques to address long-standing knowledge gaps. Here, we review recent advances in MPS applied to parasitic diseases and identify persisting challenges and opportunities for investment. By refining these systems and integrating host multicellular models and parasites, MPS hold vast potential to revolutionize parasitology, enhancing our ability to combat parasitic diseases through deeper mechanistic understanding and targeted interventions.