The relationship between neuromagnetic networks and cognitive impairment in self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

Objective

This was an exploratory study designed to examine the alterations in neuromagnetic networks within brain regions involved in cognitive functions in children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS). Additionally, it sought to explore the relationship between these neural network differences and cognitive impairment.

Methods

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were collected from 63 drug-naïve children diagnosed with SeLECTS and 30 healthy controls (HC). Functional connectivity (FC) across 26 cognitive-related brain regions, as defined by Desikan-Killiany, was assessed using corrected amplitude envelope correlation (AEC-c) analysis. The cognitive function of the children was evaluated using the fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV). Spearman's correlation analysis was then performed to assess the relationship between AEC-c values and WISC-IV indices.

Results

Children with SeLECTS showed reduced FC in the delta band between the left rostral middle frontal (rMFG.L) and the left rostral anterior cingulate (rACC.L), as well as in the gamma2 band between the left superior frontal (SFG.L) and the rACC on both sides, compared to HC (p < 0.05). On the other hand, several FC networks were enhanced, including those between the left rMFG and the right rACC, the left rMFG and the left caudal middle frontal (CMF.L), and between the right caudal middle frontal (CMF.R) and the right supramarginal (SMG.R), specifically in the gamma1 band (p < 0.05). A correlation analysis revealed a positive association between the AEC-c values between the left rMFG and the right rACC and the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) scores (R = 0.4228, p < 0.05).

Significance

The findings of this study revealed that children with SeLECTS exhibited significant differences in the FC networks in brain regions associated with cognition, especially within the delta and gamma frequency bands, when compared to HC. We also found that these differences in FC networks are significantly correlated with verbal comprehension ability, which may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the weaknesses in cognitive function in children with SeLECTS. Furthermore, our findings may provide hypotheses for future work dedicated to further exploring the mechanisms associated with brain network alterations in cognitive impairment in children with SeLECTS.

Plain Language Summary

Based on magnetoencephalography technology (MEG), this study found that there were significant differences in cognitive-related neuromagnetic networks in children with SeLECTS compared with HC, which were significantly correlated with relevant indicators in the Wechsler Scale. This finding suggested that differences in the neuromagnetic network may serve as imaging markers to predict changes in cognitive function in children with SeLECTS.