Nuclear Nanomedicines: Utilization of Radiolabelling Strategies, Drug Formulation, Delivery, and Regulatory Aspects for Disease Management.

By integrating the sensitivity of nuclear medicine and the precision of nanotechnology, mankind can explore the very promising nuclear nanomedicine technology. Such integration enabled the imaging of biological processes at the molecular level which is a blessing to modern disease management. The present work is an effort to highlight the multifaceted applications of radiolabelled nanomaterials across various imaging modalities, formulation assessment, drug development, regulatory considerations, and therapeutic interventions. The present work highlights the application of radiolabelled nanomaterials for molecular imaging. The single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET); and hybrid multimodalities, along with their key features, are inherent parts of this discussion. The discussion continues with the assessment procedures of new formulations and their implications for drug delivery and the associated regulatory affairs. Cell tracking strategies that allow real-time monitoring of cellular behaviour in vivo; and radionuclide therapy with targeted and precise treatment are explained with the comparison of different strategies. This is followed by the explanation of how the drug delivery systems incorporating molecular imaging radiotracers enable tracking of in vivo drug behavior, further facilitating optimization of dosage forms and therapeutic efficacy. Thus, this manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the utilization of radiolabelling strategies across the spectrum of drug formulation, delivery, and regulatory aspects, which is a way forward to future projections in nuclear nanomedicine. In conclusion, the emergence of nuclear nanomedicines is a disease management breakthrough in modern healthcare systems. This innovative approach not only provides tailored diagnostics but also offers innovative therapeutic solutions.