Nour Jaber, Claude Emond, Fabrice Cazier, Sylvain Billet
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Toxicological Response of the BEAS-2B Cell After Acute Exposure at the Air-Liquid Interface to Ethylbenzene and m-Xylene Alone and in Binary Mixtures.
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (o-, m-, and p-xylenes) constitute a family, named BTEX, of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) known for its toxicity. This study aimed to study the acute in vitro toxicity of ethylbenzene and m-xylene on human bronchial epithelial cells exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI). The cells were exposed to VOCs alone and in a mixture for 1 h, followed by 5, 23, and 47 h of incubation. The kinetics of the cell response was characterized, including cytotoxicity, xenobiotic biotransformation, antioxidant defense system, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The gene expression results showed major differences between these two compounds, even though their chemical structure is very similar. Ethylbenzene did not appear to be metabolized in BEAS-2B cells, as it inhibited gene expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XME) and did not induce antioxidant defense systems or apoptosis. However, a slight inflammatory response was observed after exposure. m-Xylene was metabolized in BEAS-2B cells, inducing several XMEs and upregulating enzymes involved in the antioxidant defense system, as well as markers of inflammation and apoptosis. Co-exposure to the binary mixture resulted in an inhibition phenomenon, resulting in the inhibition of toxic action mechanisms studied. The results provide new information on the toxicity of ethylbenzene and m-xylene and highlight the importance of conducting ALI exposures to mixtures of toxicants.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Applied Toxicology publishes peer-reviewed original reviews and hypothesis-driven research articles on mechanistic, fundamental and applied research relating to the toxicity of drugs and chemicals at the molecular, cellular, tissue, target organ and whole body level in vivo (by all relevant routes of exposure) and in vitro / ex vivo. All aspects of toxicology are covered (including but not limited to nanotoxicology, genomics and proteomics, teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, reproductive and endocrine toxicology, toxicopathology, target organ toxicity, systems toxicity (eg immunotoxicity), neurobehavioral toxicology, mechanistic studies, biochemical and molecular toxicology, novel biomarkers, pharmacokinetics/PBPK, risk assessment and environmental health studies) and emphasis is given to papers of clear application to human health, and/or advance mechanistic understanding and/or provide significant contributions and impact to their field.