Mustafa Yildirim, Christoph Reich, Christian Salbach, Moritz Biener, Matthias Mueller-Hennessen, Nils Arne Sörensen, Paul Michael Haller, Stefan Blankenberg, Johannes Tobias Neumann, Raphael Twerenbold, Norbert Frey, Evangelos Giannitsis
{"title":"观察区疑似NSTE-ACS患者的鉴定：评估GRACE 1.0评分和用于风险分层和管理优化的生物标志物面板。","authors":"Mustafa Yildirim, Christoph Reich, Christian Salbach, Moritz Biener, Matthias Mueller-Hennessen, Nils Arne Sörensen, Paul Michael Haller, Stefan Blankenberg, Johannes Tobias Neumann, Raphael Twerenbold, Norbert Frey, Evangelos Giannitsis","doi":"10.1007/s00392-025-02642-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current guidelines recommend additional diagnostic work-up for patients with suspected non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) triaged in the observe zone using accelerated diagnostic protocols. This study assessed the effectiveness of combining the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) 1.0 score with additional non-cardio-specific biomarkers for risk stratification in the observe zone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 6789 patients with suspected NSTE-ACS were enrolled over 24 months, with 961 (21.8%) assigned to the observe zone. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis dichotomized risk using the GRACE-score and additional biomarkers beyond high-sensitivity cardiac troponin including C-reactive protein < 10 mg/dL, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide < 300 ng/L, D-dimers < 5 mg/L, estimated glomerular filtration rate > 30 mL/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>, Copeptin < 10 pmol/L, and hemoglobin > 10 g/dL. The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality, validated using the Biomarkers in Acute Cardiac Care (BACC) cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A low GRACE 1.0 score < 109 points was found in 37.6% of observe zone patients, showing a negative predictive value of 98.6% and sensitivity of 89.8% for death. Adding biomarker information reduced predicted 1-year-mortality from 1.38% with the GRACE-score alone to 0.46% when none of the biomarkers were above cutoff (prevalent in 22.7%). The proportion of protocol-eligible patients increased from 22.7 to 37.6%, with no events within 30 days. Findings were confirmed in the BACC cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A low GRACE 1.0 score combined with ≤ 1 elevated biomarker significantly improves mortality prediction in the observe zone, helping identify low-risk patients for further out-of-hospital diagnostic work-up, potentially decongesting crowded emergency departments. Registration URL: https://www.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov ; Unique identifier: NCT05774431.</p>","PeriodicalId":10474,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Research in Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"783-795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089253/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Identification of patients with suspected NSTE-ACS in the observe zone: evaluating GRACE 1.0 score and a biomarker panel for risk stratification and management optimization.\",\"authors\":\"Mustafa Yildirim, Christoph Reich, Christian Salbach, Moritz Biener, Matthias Mueller-Hennessen, Nils Arne Sörensen, Paul Michael Haller, Stefan Blankenberg, Johannes Tobias Neumann, Raphael Twerenbold, Norbert Frey, Evangelos Giannitsis\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00392-025-02642-3\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current guidelines recommend additional diagnostic work-up for patients with suspected non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) triaged in the observe zone using accelerated diagnostic protocols. This study assessed the effectiveness of combining the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) 1.0 score with additional non-cardio-specific biomarkers for risk stratification in the observe zone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 6789 patients with suspected NSTE-ACS were enrolled over 24 months, with 961 (21.8%) assigned to the observe zone. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis dichotomized risk using the GRACE-score and additional biomarkers beyond high-sensitivity cardiac troponin including C-reactive protein < 10 mg/dL, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide < 300 ng/L, D-dimers < 5 mg/L, estimated glomerular filtration rate > 30 mL/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>, Copeptin < 10 pmol/L, and hemoglobin > 10 g/dL. The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality, validated using the Biomarkers in Acute Cardiac Care (BACC) cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A low GRACE 1.0 score < 109 points was found in 37.6% of observe zone patients, showing a negative predictive value of 98.6% and sensitivity of 89.8% for death. Adding biomarker information reduced predicted 1-year-mortality from 1.38% with the GRACE-score alone to 0.46% when none of the biomarkers were above cutoff (prevalent in 22.7%). The proportion of protocol-eligible patients increased from 22.7 to 37.6%, with no events within 30 days. Findings were confirmed in the BACC cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A low GRACE 1.0 score combined with ≤ 1 elevated biomarker significantly improves mortality prediction in the observe zone, helping identify low-risk patients for further out-of-hospital diagnostic work-up, potentially decongesting crowded emergency departments. 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Identification of patients with suspected NSTE-ACS in the observe zone: evaluating GRACE 1.0 score and a biomarker panel for risk stratification and management optimization.
Background: Current guidelines recommend additional diagnostic work-up for patients with suspected non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) triaged in the observe zone using accelerated diagnostic protocols. This study assessed the effectiveness of combining the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) 1.0 score with additional non-cardio-specific biomarkers for risk stratification in the observe zone.
Methods: A total of 6789 patients with suspected NSTE-ACS were enrolled over 24 months, with 961 (21.8%) assigned to the observe zone. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis dichotomized risk using the GRACE-score and additional biomarkers beyond high-sensitivity cardiac troponin including C-reactive protein < 10 mg/dL, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide < 300 ng/L, D-dimers < 5 mg/L, estimated glomerular filtration rate > 30 mL/min/1.73m2, Copeptin < 10 pmol/L, and hemoglobin > 10 g/dL. The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality, validated using the Biomarkers in Acute Cardiac Care (BACC) cohort.
Results: A low GRACE 1.0 score < 109 points was found in 37.6% of observe zone patients, showing a negative predictive value of 98.6% and sensitivity of 89.8% for death. Adding biomarker information reduced predicted 1-year-mortality from 1.38% with the GRACE-score alone to 0.46% when none of the biomarkers were above cutoff (prevalent in 22.7%). The proportion of protocol-eligible patients increased from 22.7 to 37.6%, with no events within 30 days. Findings were confirmed in the BACC cohort.
Conclusion: A low GRACE 1.0 score combined with ≤ 1 elevated biomarker significantly improves mortality prediction in the observe zone, helping identify low-risk patients for further out-of-hospital diagnostic work-up, potentially decongesting crowded emergency departments. Registration URL: https://www.
期刊介绍：
Clinical Research in Cardiology is an international journal for clinical cardiovascular research. It provides a forum for original and review articles as well as critical perspective articles. Articles are only accepted if they meet stringent scientific standards and have undergone peer review. The journal regularly receives articles from the field of clinical cardiology, angiology, as well as heart and vascular surgery.
As the official journal of the German Cardiac Society, it gives a current and competent survey on the diagnosis and therapy of heart and vascular diseases.
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