Evaluation of the Flats Fishery to Formulate and Propose a Regional Strategic Plan to Improve Fisheries and Protected-Area Conservation and Management in the Yucatan Peninsula of Belize and Mexico

Coastal fishery resources shared by Belize and Mexico emphasize the need for bi-national conservation and management strategies. We used the recreational flats fishery as a model to: (1) evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a mixed-methods approach for fishery conservation and management and (2) propose a general strategic plan to guide conservation and management that also benefits biodiversity of aquatic resources. The approach consisted of gathering local knowledge, observing participants, reviewing literature, and interviewing key representatives of the flats fishing community, resource managers (governmental and co-managers), academia and non-governmental organizations, followed by online surveys, to rank overall findings and prioritize concerns identified by a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis. Our findings indicated that science, education, conservation, and management were important. The strategic framework included goals, objectives, strategies, and outcomes that will depend on validation and collaboration amongst sectors to generate information and application to fisheries and protected areas (PAs) management to benefit local communities, national economies, and preservation of biodiversity. Prioritized needs included: (1) science to address habitat loss and degradation, overharvest, habitat use conflict resolution, fishing pressure, and protection of key habitats for all life cycles of target species; (2) education and awareness to increase knowledge, address fish handling practices, and guide conservation and management decision-making; (3) inclusion of the flats fishery in conservation plans, PAs, development, and economic plans; and (4) improved enforcement of regulations to ensure sustainability.