Environmental Knowledge Influences Pro-Environmental Behavior to Mitigating Air Pollution Toward Sustainable Development in Indonesia: A Logistic Multilevel Analysis

This investigation seeks to uncover both internal and external influences that contribute to fostering pro-environmental behavior, particularly in the realm of mitigating air pollution. This study also seeks to examine the relationship between environmental knowledge and individual attitudes toward the reduction of air pollution. This study employed multilevel binary logistic regression to achieve its objectives and address the multilevel characteristics of the data. The study utilized two types of data: the nationwide household survey for level one and the regional aggregate data for level two. The findings indicate that environmental knowledge influences the reduction of motor vehicle usage. Furthermore, public knowledge regarding air pollution and its origins, along with the quantity of motor vehicles at the provincial level, markedly affects motor vehicle usage at the 10% significance level. Individuals' propensity to decrease motor vehicle usage significantly correlates with various strategies to mitigate air pollution, such as using bicycles and public transportation. Consequently, the government can formulate policies about environmental education that consider both internal and external factors for individuals with the aim of promoting pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and mitigating air pollution in Indonesia.