仿生咬虾喷嘴对不锈钢表面铅铋共晶合金的空化辅助射流净化研究

IF 1.9 3区工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Nuclear Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2025.114038

Feng Liu , Jiawen Li , Yunkang Bai , Jinlong Heng , Xuefei Li , Cailun Wang , Jie Zhan , Chen Zhang

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引用次数: 0

摘要

核反应堆采用低熔点、高沸点的铅铋共晶合金作为换热介质，使铅铋共晶合金粘附在核反应堆不锈钢表面。目前的清洁方法对高效、环保地去除不锈钢表面的铅铋共晶合金具有挑战性。为此，本文提出了一种利用捕虾爪的仿生喷嘴映射的空化辅助去污方法。首先，根据捕虾爪高速闭合产生空化效应的特点，设计制造了一种捕虾爪映射的仿生射流喷嘴；其次，对仿生喷嘴对不锈钢表面铅铋共晶合金的空化净化进行了实验研究，并结合仿生喷嘴搭建了实验平台。最后，从表面微观形貌观察、废液水质分析、固体杂质分析三个指标综合评分来评价去污效果。以粘接铅铋合金的316L不锈钢为实验样品，选取样品的去污面积比、减重率、表面粗糙度Ra作为去污效果的评价指标。采用熵权法对各指标进行权重赋值，并以此方法计算各样本的去污效果综合得分。确定并验证了最优工艺参数为喷嘴进口压力17.5 MPa，目标距离6 mm，喷射时间8 min。在最优工艺参数下，净化后样品的去污面积比、减重率和表面粗糙度Ra的平均值分别为89.9%、90.7%和0.816 μm。对净化后的废液水质测试结果表明，空化辅助射流净化产生的废液化学需氧量远低于化学浸泡净化方法。本研究表明，利用仿生喷嘴映射虾爪的空化辅助射流去污方法可以有效去除不锈钢表面的铅铋合金，并且更加环保。

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Cavitation-assisted jet decontamination of lead–bismuth eutectic alloy from stainless steel surface with using bionic snapping shrimp’s nozzle

The low-melting and high-boiling lead–bismuth eutectic alloy is used in nuclear reactor as heat exchange medium, which causes lead–bismuth eutectic alloy to be adhered on stainless steel surface of nuclear reactor. The current cleaning methods are challenging to remove lead–bismuth eutectic alloy on stainless steel surface with high efficiency and high decontamination effectiveness in an environmentally friendly manner. Thus, a new cavitation-assisted decontamination method with using bionic jet nozzle mapping from snapping shrimp claw is proposed in the paper. Firstly, a new bionic jet nozzle mapping from snapping shrimp claw is designed and manufactured based on the characteristics of cavitation effect generated by the high-speed closure of the claw of snapping shrimp. Secondly, the cavitation-assisted decontamination of lead–bismuth eutectic alloy from stainless steel surface by using the bionic jet nozzle is investigated experimentally and an experimental platform is established with combining the bionic jet nozzle. Finally, the results of decontamination effectiveness are evaluated from comprehensive score with three indicators, observation of surface microscopic morphology, analysis of water quality for waste liquid, solid impurity analysis. 316L stainless steel adhered with lead–bismuth alloy is taken as experimental samples and the decontamination area ratio, weight reduction rate, and surface roughness R_a of the sample are selected as evaluation indicators of decontamination effect. The weights of each indicator are assigned using the entropy weight method and a comprehensive score of the decontamination effect for each sample is calculated by the above method. The optimal process parameters are determined and validated as nozzle inlet pressure 17.5 MPa, target distance 6 mm, and jet duration 8 min. The average values of the decontamination area ratio, weight reduction rate, and surface roughness R_a of the sample after decontamination under the optimal process parameter are respectively 89.9 %, 90.7 %, and 0.816 μm. The test results of water quality for the waste liquid after decontamination show that the chemical oxygen demand of the waste liquid generated by the cavitation-assisted jet decontamination is much lower than the that of chemical immersion decontamination method. This study indicates that the cavitation-assisted jet decontamination method with bionic nozzle mapping from snapping shrimp claw can effectively remove lead–bismuth alloys from the surface of stainless steel and is more environmentally friendly.

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来源期刊

Nuclear Engineering and Design 工程技术-核科学技术

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

11.80%

发文量

377

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Nuclear Engineering and Design covers the wide range of disciplines involved in the engineering, design, safety and construction of nuclear fission reactors. The Editors welcome papers both on applied and innovative aspects and developments in nuclear science and technology. Fundamentals of Reactor Design include: • Thermal-Hydraulics and Core Physics • Safety Analysis, Risk Assessment (PSA) • Structural and Mechanical Engineering • Materials Science • Fuel Behavior and Design • Structural Plant Design • Engineering of Reactor Components • Experiments Aspects beyond fundamentals of Reactor Design covered: • Accident Mitigation Measures • Reactor Control Systems • Licensing Issues • Safeguard Engineering • Economy of Plants • Reprocessing / Waste Disposal • Applications of Nuclear Energy • Maintenance • Decommissioning Papers on new reactor ideas and developments (Generation IV reactors) such as inherently safe modular HTRs, High Performance LWRs/HWRs and LMFBs/GFR will be considered; Actinide Burners, Accelerator Driven Systems, Energy Amplifiers and other special designs of power and research reactors and their applications are also encouraged.