Tunable hybrid polaritons in the LiV2O5-graphene heterostructures

The tunable hybrid polaritons in van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures present a flexible platform for advanced optical applications, allowing precise control over light-matter interactions. Recently, LiV₂O₅ has emerged as a naturally canalized phonon material characterized by high dielectric permittivity. However, the existing LiV₂O₅-based devices are fixed in their design, which leads to limit the development of actively tunable phonon devices. In this study, we introduce a heterostructure formed by graphene nanoribbons with the LiV₂O₅ structure, resulting in the strong coupling between phonon modes and surface plasmon modes. We explore the potential of electromagnetic hybrid materials to address the limitations of the individual polaritons. Furthermore, we systematically investigate the energy exchange, mode evolution, and coupling strength among three hybridized modes by employing a coupled model with three oscillators, which demonstrates excellent agreement with the simulated results. This work presents a straightforward strategy for infrared applications in thermal management and multi-resonance sensing.