Estimating Location and Polarity of Vibroseis Reflections Using Multiscale Phase-Only Correlation

The identification of seismic reflections in vibroseis data is crucial for evaluating subsurface structures. However, precisely localizing these reflections and determining their polarity is challenging. In this study, we propose a robust method for detecting weak reflections and accurately locating reflection spikes as well as their polarity using multiscale phase-only correlation (MPOC). By applying the generalized S-transform, we obtain local phase information from both the vibroseis data and the Klauder wavelet across multiple scales. We then compute the phase-only correlation (POC) between these two signals in the time-frequency domain at different scales and stack all MPOC coefficients to quantify their local phase similarity. This approach achieves high precision in detecting weak reflections and identifying their polarity, even in the presence of noise. Numerical experiments with synthetic and real data confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can also be applied to various sweep sources, such as Martian SHARAD or MARSIS radar data.