Refined risk assessment of probabilistic tsunami inundation assisted by SDGSAT-1 glimmer imagery

Potential large seismic tsunamis could pose catastrophic damage to coastal cities, but conventional disaster risk assessment is difficult to realize precise management limited by the scale of publicly available data. This study aims to propose a refined probabilistic tsunami inundation risk assessment model assisted by high-resolution Sustainable Development Science Satellite 1 (SDGSAT-1) glimmer imagery, which consists of hazard, exposure and vulnerability assessment. Public exposure data are usually at regional scales, and further refining exposure assessment results is the key to realize more refined risk assessment. SDGSAT-1 glimmer imagery is excellent in revealing social economic activities, and this study is the first attempted to use it to realize refined exposure assessment based on the correlation between apparent radiances and exposure assessment results. In addition, 1,380,000 tsunami scenarios are considered to fully assess the potential tsunami inundation hazards and double-layer nested mesh is used to improve the accuracy and efficiency of nearshore tsunami propagation and inundation simulations. The impact of various vulnerability indexes on the vulnerability curves of different land use categories is also assessed to explore the changed vulnerability curves. Finally, the refined probabilistic tsunami inundation risk assessment model has been applied in Macao, and precise management measures can be implemented by the government based on the refined probabilistic tsunami inundation risk assessment results. The application of SDGSAT-1 glimmer imagery in refining probabilistic tsunami inundation risk assessment provides a new insight for global coastal risk management.