The importance of patterning design in laser-induced graphene for advanced applications

Laser-induced graphene (LIG), a transformative material synthesized through laser irradiation, offers exceptional conductivity and scalable, mask-free fabrication for applications in flexible electronics, high-sensitivity sensors, and energy storage. However, precise patterning design remains a critical bottleneck, directly influencing LIG's structure, performance, and application versatility. This study introduces a novel classification framework for LIG patterning strategies, categorizing biomimetic and geometric designs based on their structural complexity and functional outcomes. By establishing a quantitative link between pattern geometry and performance metrics-such as sensitivity and conductivity-this work addresses critical bottlenecks in scalability and multifunctionality. The article further proposes integrating artificial intelligence with micro/nano-manufacturing techniques to predict and refine patterning strategies, paving the way for LIG commercialization and widespread adoption across diverse fields.