Seismic strengthening of masonry structures using sustainable reinforceing materials: A comparative analysis

URM Structures are highly vulnerable to seismic activities, often suffering sudden failure with significant loss of life and property. Locally sourced materials like bamboo strips can be a cost-effective solution to improve the seismic performance of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls in many developing countries. Bamboo reinforcement is explored as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional retrofitting methods, filling a gap in existing literature. This study simulates the in-plane behaviors of URM walls with varying aspect ratios and reinforcement types. The structural responses of URM walls reinforced with bamboo splints and wire mesh were simulated under lateral loading conditions using a detailed finite element model in ABAQUS. Validation of the numerical model against existing experimental data confirms the model’s accuracy in simulating URM behaviour. Results reveal that bamboo-reinforced URM walls substantially increase load-carrying capacity, with strength improvements reaching up to 100 % in certain configurations. Using sustainable materials like bamboo offers a cost-effective alternative for URM structures, enhancing resilience while minimizing environmental impact. This work underscores the potential of natural fiber reinforcements to improve the seismic performance of masonry structures, providing a viable solution for low-income communities in earthquake-prone areas. Further research is recommended to explore reinforcement configurations and optimize bamboo treatment techniques for increased durability.