Site-specific post-release predation of bonefish (Albula glossodonta) in a catch-and-release recreational fishery: informing voluntary actions and management strategies for a Blue Economy

Bonefish (Albula spp.) support recreational catch-and-release (C&R) fisheries in tropical and subtropical regions, contributing to conservation efforts and advancing Blue Economy initiatives. However, post-release predation (PRP) poses challenges to the sustainability of these fisheries, particularly in predator-dense environments. This study assessed physical injury, reflex impairment, and PRP for bonefish (Albula glossodonta) in the Alphonse Group of islands, Republic of Seychelles, a well-established sport fishing destination. There was a significant effect of air exposure on reflex impairment, with fish exposed to air for 30 seconds being more impaired than those exposed to 0 or 10 seconds. However, air exposure, among other angling event characteristics, did not affect PRP (overall PRP = 13 %). Notably, PRP was highly site-specific, with 75 % of predation events occurring at a single location where bonefish were 15 times more likely to be predated compared to other sites. Cryptic predation was prevalent, as only 17 % of predation events were preceded by observing potential predators. Sicklefin lemon sharks (Negaprion acutidens) were responsible for most PRP, often tracking and preying on bonefish within an average of 9 minutes after release (30–1080 seconds; 545 ± 315 seconds). To reduce PRP risk, these findings highlight the need for regular PRP assessments, adaptive management, and site-specific strategies that include voluntary actions of anglers and guides to avoid locations where PRP is prevalent. Incorporating evidence-informed practices into conservation and management plans can promote sustainable recreational fisheries while supporting conservation and economic growth in a Blue Economy.