Osthole Induces Hepatic Stellate Cell Ferroptosis to Alleviate Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Y-Box Binding Protein 1-Wnt/β-Catenin Axis Through Downregulating Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2A

Liver fibrosis is pathologically associated with ferroptosis. Osthole (OST) has good therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis. Our study sought to investigate the pharmacological effects of OST on ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) during the development of liver fibrosis and define the mechanisms involved. The in vivo model of liver fibrosis was established by CCl₄ treatment. MTT and EDU assays were used to assess cell viability and proliferation, respectively. The interaction between myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) and Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. OST treatment alleviated CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis in mice by activating ferroptosis. OST induced ferroptosis in HSCs and inhibited the activation of HSCs in vitro, while these effects of OST were reversed by MEF2A overexpression or YBX1 overexpression. Mechanistically, MEF2A activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling by transcriptionally facilitating YBX1 expression. As expected, the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling or YBX1 knockdown could reverse the regulatory effect of MEF2A upregulation on the activation of HSCs and ferroptosis in OST-treated HSCs. OST mitigated liver fibrosis by inducing ferroptosis in HSCs and repressing the activation of HSCs through inhibiting the MEF2A/YBX1/Wnt/β-catenin axis.