Digital transformation in Moroccan agriculture: Applications, used technologies, impacts on marketing, limitations, and orientations for future research

Integration of digital knowledge in the agricultural field presents a prospect to enhance the ascendancy of agricultural strategy and stimulate economic progress in Morocco through the dissemination of information, decision-making tools, and transmission methodologies. This study aimed to review current data on digital transformation in the agriculture field of Morocco. We presented a literature review on digital technologies and agriculture in Morocco from 1990 to 2025. We used related keywords, and data was recorded from databases, governmental sites, and published documents. The results obtained showed that in Morocco, digital transformation was adopted in the last decade of the 21st century, with applications in different fields, including education, finance, health, administration, etc. Various digital technologies have been implemented in agriculture, including Big Data Analytics (BDA), Blockchain, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Deep Learning (DL), Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs), Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), Machine Learning (ML), Cloud Computing (CC), Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, and the Internet of Things (IoT). These technologies have addressed different fields, including production, farming, logistics, marketing, export, and improved services, visibility, tracking of products, and commercialization. In Morocco, any endeavours by relevant authorities or stakeholders to promote and develop automated agriculture through the integration of new technologies have much ground to make up compared to the top spots in the sector. As a result, we suggested areas that need more improvement in terms of research,  farmer awareness, and activities. This study summarizes for the first time data concerning digital transformation in agriculture and suggests it as a reference for future research and to farmers and cooperatives in Morocco.