Women’s experiences of waterbirth: A systematic review with narrative synthesis

Background

Childbirth is a major event in a woman's life, shaped by various factors including the individual's circumstances, the birth process, the care provided, social support, and immediate post-birth experiences. Although waterbirth has become increasingly popular in recent years, research on women’s experience remains limited. This review aims to synthesize evidence on women’s experiences of waterbirths to inform clinical guidelines, support personalized care, and identify priorities for future research.

Methods

This study was a systematic review, with searches conducted across three databases (CINAHL, Scopus, and PubMed) covering 2013 to 2023. A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the data were analyzed through a narrative synthesis approach.

Findings

Eight categories were identified that capture women's experiences with waterbirth. Women who give birth in water often feel a strong sense of control, describing the experience as empowering, intimate, and relaxing. They value the ease of changing positions in the birthing pool, although some find the pool’s design challenging and occasionally uncomfortable. Overall, water is widely regarded as an effective pain relief method and a natural, positive childbirth option, though it can also evoke negative emotions. The roles of both the partner and midwife are essential, and women generally report positive experiences following a waterbirth.

Conclusion

Most women were satisfied with waterbirth. However, further research is needed to understand waterbirth’s impact on women's psychological well-being, as well as the perspectives of partners and midwives. Additionally, cultural perceptions and effective ways to provide comprehensive information to support expectant mothers in their decision-making require further exploration.