Lightweight RFID-enabled authentication protocol in post-quantum environment

RFID technology is widely used for contactless identification and tracking across various sectors. However, the rise of quantum computing threatens classical cryptographic protocols. To address this, we propose a lightweight RFID protocol based on the Ring Learning With Errors (RLWE) problem, ensuring post-quantum security while maintaining efficiency for resource-constrained environments. The RLWE problem provides a strong foundation for constructing quantum-resistant cryptographic schemes. Formal security proofs using the random oracle model and Scyther tool confirm its robustness against attacks. Additionally, we evaluate the protocol’s security, computation, and communication costs, demonstrating its feasibility for RFID systems. This work advances post-quantum cryptographic solutions for the Internet of Things (IoT) and other ubiquitous computing environments, ensuring long-term security and privacy.