适应会计?成本效益分析和弹性政治

IF 3.4 2区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY
Katinka Wijsman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

专门知识在气候适应中的作用在恢复力领域一直存在广泛的争论。学者们认为,弹性要么是一种通过自上而下的管理干预来处理复杂问题的技术专家专业知识,要么是由于复杂性而标志着专家知识的限制,从而表明规划是徒劳的;结果,他们都将韧性视为去政治化。然而,这些工作没有充分解决这样一个事实,即在气候变化之后,专业知识不仅被部署,而且还被要求进行干预,以及专家知识及其生产的不稳定和令人不安的性质。在本文中,我讨论了制定弹性的专业知识问题,并特别关注其在通过促进而不是缩短关于弹性的辩论和争论来开辟政治可能性方面的作用。具体来说,我着眼于成本效益分析(CBA)在纽约市沿海弹性项目中的实践,展示了如何使用这种专家实践来阐明和辩论在特定地理背景下弹性的实证。我认为,通过围绕范围和估值构建一整套典型的政治问题,CBA为基础设施干预中的弹性提供了一个实际的现实,而CBA最好被理解为组织弹性政治。对弹性的探索可以是民主的一种实践——也是围绕未来环境潜力的生活方式的政治化——如果我们不把专业知识和“技术”视为最小化的东西,而是把它理解为一个问题化的场所。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Accountants of adaptation? Cost benefit analysis and the politics of resilience
The role of expertise in climate adaptation has been widely debated in the field of resilience. Scholars argue that resilience is either a form of technocratic expertise to dealing with complex issues through top-down managerial interventions, or that resilience marks a limit to expert knowledge due to complexity thus indicating that planning is futile; both casting resilience as depoliticizing as a result. However, these works do not adequately grapple with the fact that expertise is not only deployed but also demanded to bring about interventions in the wake of climate change, and the unsettled and unsettling nature of expert knowledge and its production. In this paper, I address the issue of expertise in the making of resilience with special attention to its role in the opening up of political possibilities through facilitating rather than short-circuiting debate and contestation about resilience. Specifically, I look at the practice of Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) in coastal resiliency projects in New York City, showing how this expert practice is used to articulate – and debate – the substantiation of resilience in specific geographical contexts. I argue that CBA gives resilience a practical reality in infrastructural interventions by framing a whole set of quintessentially political questions around scope and valuation, and that CBA is best understood as organizing resilience politics. The search for resilience can be an exercise in democracy – and a politicization of ways of living revolving around the potentiality of future environments – if instead of viewing expertise and ‘the technical’ as something to be minimized we understand it as a site of problematization.
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来源期刊
Geoforum
Geoforum GEOGRAPHY-
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
5.70%
发文量
201
期刊介绍: Geoforum is an international, inter-disciplinary journal, global in outlook, and integrative in approach. The broad focus of Geoforum is the organisation of economic, political, social and environmental systems through space and over time. Areas of study range from the analysis of the global political economy and environment, through national systems of regulation and governance, to urban and regional development, local economic and urban planning and resources management. The journal also includes a Critical Review section which features critical assessments of research in all the above areas.
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