Keystroke Dynamics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications

Reliably identifying and verifying subjects remains integral to computer system security. Various novel authentication techniques, such as biometric authentication systems, have been developed in recent years. This paper provides a detailed review of keystroke-based authentication systems and their applications. Keystroke dynamics is a behavioral biometric that is emerging as an important tool for cybersecurity as it promises to be nonintrusive and cost-effective. In addition, no additional hardware is required, making it convenient to deploy. This survey covers novel keystroke datasets, state-of-the-art keystroke authentication algorithms, keystroke authentication on touch screen and mobile devices, and various prominent applications of such techniques beyond authentication. The paper covers all the significant aspects of keystroke dynamics and can be considered a reference for future researchers in this domain. The paper includes a discussion of the latest keystroke datasets, providing researchers with an up-to-date resource for analysis and experimentation. In addition, this survey covers the state-of-the-art algorithms adopted within this domain, offering insights into the cutting-edge techniques utilized for keystroke analysis. Moreover, this paper explains the diverse applications of keystroke dynamics, particularly focusing on security, verification, and identification uses. Beyond these crucial areas, we mention additional applications where keystroke dynamics can be applied, broadening the scope of understanding regarding its potential impact across various domains. Unlike previous survey papers, which typically concentrate on specific aspects of keystroke dynamics, our comprehensive analysis presents all relevant areas within this field. By introducing discussions on the latest advances, we provide readers with a thorough understanding of the current landscape and emerging trends in keystroke dynamics research. Furthermore, this paper presents a summary of future research opportunities, highlighting potential areas for exploration and development within the realm of keystroke dynamics. This forward-looking perspective aims to inspire further inquiry and innovation, guiding the trajectory of future studies in this dynamic field.