Azimuthal and radial control of population distribution in a three-level atomic system interacting with orbital angular momentum beams via an external magnetic field

This paper investigates the interaction between orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams and a three-level closed-loop atomic system, focusing on how the azimuthal distribution of population is influenced by relative phase, OAM number, and magnetic field detuning. We explore the effect of OAM beam, characterized by their helical phase structure, on atomic transitions, specifically examining how the vortex beam induces spatially dependent population distributions in the atomic system. Our result shows that when the relative phase between the probe and vortex field is nonzero, the population distribution exhibits azimuthal dependence. In contrast, for zero relative phase, the population distribution leads to 2D localization of atoms at the center of the azimuthal plane, offering a novel method for atom localization. The effect of detuning the magnetic field is also examined, showing that nonzero detuning causes asymmetric azimuthal population distributions, with peaks and dips emerging as detuning increases. These results provide valuable insights into the role of structured light fields in quantum systems, offering potential applications in areas such as quantum information processing, atom localization, and precision control of atomic systems.