生活在富裕社会的学龄儿童的社会经济不平等和环境空气污染暴露：对比利时个人和汇总数据的分析

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Health & Place Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI:10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103473

Tehreem Mustansar , Erik J. Timmermans , Ana Inês Silva , Esmée M. Bijnens , Wouter Lefebvre , Nelly D. Saenen , Charlotte Vanpoucke , Tim S. Nawrot , Ilonca Vaartjes

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引用次数: 0

摘要

社会经济地位低的个体暴露于不利环境因素的风险更高。儿童更容易受到空气污染物的有害影响。因此，本研究调查了比利时法兰德斯地区儿童暴露于空气污染中的社会经济不平等。方法数据来自298名儿童（年龄范围：9-12岁）及其父母，这些儿童参与了儿童认知与空气污染研究。社会经济地位是用个人水平的最高父母教育和社区（综合）水平的中位数收入来衡量的。估算了该居民点室外直径为2.5 μm颗粒物（PM2.5）和10.0 μm颗粒物（PM10）、二氧化氮（NO2）和黑碳（BC）的年平均浓度（μg/m3）。采用混合回归模型检验相关性。结果父母受教育程度低的儿童PM2.5、PM10和BC暴露水平明显高于父母受教育程度高的儿童。然而，当使用回归模型进行测试时，这些关联并不显著。生活在社区收入中位数较低地区的儿童暴露在明显较高水平的空气污染中；四分位间距；收入的减少与PM2.5 （0.198 μg/m3）、PM10 （0.406 μg/m3）、NO2 （0.740 μg/m3）和BC （0.063 μg/m3）的暴露增加有关。父母受教育程度低或高的孩子在低收入社区生活时，PM2.5、PM10、NO2和BC的暴露量更高。父母受教育程度低和邻里收入低的人群对所有空气污染物的暴露程度最高。结论：低邻里收入与较高的空气污染水平显著相关，而父母教育水平与较高的空气污染水平无显著相关。父母受教育程度低、收入低的孩子受到的空气污染程度最高。

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Socioeconomic inequalities and ambient air pollution exposure in school-aged children living in an affluent society: an analysis on individual and aggregated data in Belgium

Background

Individuals with lower socioeconomic status (SES) are at a higher risk of being exposed to adverse environmental factors. Children are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollutants. Therefore, this study examined socioeconomic inequalities in air pollution exposure among children in Flanders, Belgium.

Methods

Data were used from 298 children (age range: 9–12 years), and from their parents who participated in the COGNition and Air pollution in Children study. Socioeconomic status was measured using highest parental education at the individual level and median income at the neighborhood (aggregated) level. Annual average outdoor concentrations of particulate matter with diameters <2.5 μm (PM_2.5) and <10.0 μm (PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and black carbon (BC) in μg/m³ were estimated at the residential address. Mixed regression models were applied to examine the associations.

Results

Children from parents with a low education level were exposed to significantly higher levels of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and BC compared to children from parents with a high education level. However, the associations were not significant when tested using regression models. Children who lived in areas with a lower median neighborhood income were exposed to significantly higher levels of air pollution; an interquartile range (IQR; €4505.00) decrease in income was associated with an increase in exposure to PM_2.5 of 0.198 μg/m³, PM₁₀ of 0.406 μg/m³, NO₂ of 0.740 μg/m³, and BC of 0.063 μg/m³. Children of parents with a low/high education level had a higher exposure to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO_2, and BC when living in a low income neighborhood. Exposure to all air pollutants was the highest for low parental education level and low neighborhood income. Conclusions: Low neighborhood income was significantly associated with higher levels of air pollution, while parental education level was not significantly associated. Children from parents with a low education and low income were exposed to the highest levels of air pollution.

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