Climate-resilient water management: Leveraging IoT and AI for sustainable agriculture

Climate change is the phenomenon of permanent change in the environmental conditions of an area. However, it is now affecting the earth by causing a permanent seasonal shift. This seasonal shift is not only decreasing the yields of crops by shortening their growth duration but also critically affecting the water availability for irrigation purposes. This article addresses the irrigation management strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate changes using advance techniques like internet of things (IoT). IoT is the setup of smart sensory devices which are interconnected using internet. They collect the data from field and analyze using artificial intelligence based algorithmic models. The irrigation management strategies using the artificial intelligence (AI) to mitigate the climate change impacts by reducing the wastage of essential resources in the environment has not been adopted by many developed countries. This article briefly explained the applications of AI in smart agriculture. Manuscript further describes the idea to protect the agricultural system from water scarcity and flooding by the efficient use of sensors, IoT and AI by automating the traditional agricultural practices. Different variable rate applications, smart irrigation methods like weather-based smart irrigation and moisture-based smart irrigation have been discussed in this review. Different countries have adapted different technologies of smart irrigation which can mitigate climate changes effectively and a case study with this respect is discussed. Moreover, implementations of integrated neural network models with the decision support system of irrigation management strategies to decide the supply of water in the field in real-time have been discussed in this review.