Giant occipital encephalocele in a 20-day old neonate: A case report

A giant occipital encephalocele involves the herniation of brain tissue through a skull defect—a condition that poses significant surgical challenges and demands detailed planning. A 20-day-old neonate, born to non-consanguineous parents, presented with an occipital swelling measuring 21 × 18 cm. CT imaging confirmed the diagnosis of encephalocele. Guided by thorough preoperative imaging and planning, the surgical team carefully excised the dysplastic brain tissue. The operation proceeded without any complications. This case highlights the critical importance of precise anesthesia management and surgical planning, particularly in positioning the neonate in a way that safeguards the airway. It also reinforces the preventive value of folic acid supplementation during the pre-conception and early pregnancy periods to help lessen the risk of neural tube defects.