A Case Study on Peri-Urban Public Transport Optimisation From an Energy and Environmental Perspective

Peri-urban and rural mobility presents unique challenges due to its reliance on fossil fuels and the lack of comprehensive studies on its externalities. Furthermore, the provision of efficient public transport in peri-urban areas is complicated due to fluctuating demand patterns. In this context, this paper explores the optimisation of a bimodal (bus line and a diesel railway line) public transport corridor in the peri-urban area of a European medium-sized city. A four-stage research methodology is employed: initial system characterisation, energy and environmental performance analysis, operational efficiency assessment, and the development and evaluation of alternative transport strategies. The study concludes that the variability in demand necessitates the implementation of innovative, complementary services that can adapt to changing passenger numbers while optimising existing resources. Findings of the case study indicate that aligning bus types with demand variability and integrating electric buses can lead to substantial reductions in CO₂ emissions. The use of minibuses during off-peak hours could achieve a 50% reduction in emissions, while the adoption of a bus rapid transit (BRT) system may result in a 90% decrease compared to conventional diesel trains. The research underlines the potential for innovative service models to utilise existing infrastructure more efficiently.