Charged compact star models in extended symmetric teleparallel gravity and influence of charge and coupling parameters on the star configuration

In this paper, the modified field equations in the context of Extended symmetric teleparallel gravity theory are considered for isotropic and charged compact stellar configuration. In order to obtain an exact solution to the modified field equations, we find an isotropy condition of the charge matter distribution in extended symmetric teleparallel gravity. After that, a regular and well-behaved electric field and a metric potential ansatz are used to solve this isotropy condition. Based on this specific choice, the obtained exact solution hence represents the characteristics and features of the stellar system such as charge, density, and pressure which are shown to be physically valid. The adiabatic stability condition as well as the influence of non-minimal coupling of non-metricity scalar and trace of energy–momentum tensor on stellar configuration have been performed. The present gravitational model investigates some known observed compact stars, viz. PSR J074 +6620, PSR J2215+5135, PSR J1748-2446ao, and GW190814 successfully by exploring mass-radius relationship enabling the model parameters. The present model describing the physical star with isotropic fluid and density of the order of \(10^{14}\) g/\(\hbox {cm}^3\) is unable to account for the radii of the star falling in the mass gap region with respect to the parameters representing non-metricity and electric field. An increase in a model parameter representing the matter part in the non-minimal coupling justifies the existence of the compact stars in mass gap regions like GW190814 with predicted radii in the range [10.87, 12.49] km in the present isotropic charged stellar model in extended symmetric teleparallel gravity.