The first island-wide survey on quantifying household fish and seafood consumption in Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka, as an island nation, seafood is integral to the diet, serving as a crucial source of protein and nutrients. However, it is also considered a pathway for human exposure to contaminants, making risk-benefit assessments essential to optimize seafood consumption. This study aimed to address the lack of data on household fish and seafood consumption rates in Sri Lanka, while also analysing consumption patterns and their determinants. Conducted through a web-based survey across the country, it revealed that 97 % of respondents (n = 2078 out of 2149) consumed seafood, averaging 139.69 g day⁻¹ person⁻¹. Sardinella species were the most widely consumed (93 %), while seaweeds had the lowest consumption (1 %). Freshwater fish including tilapia, snakehead fish, giant freshwater prawn, and carps were also popular. Freshness emerged as the primary concern for 99 % of respondents when buying fish and seafood. Seafood contributed considerably to daily protein requirement, constituting 48 % of the daily protein needs for Sri Lankans, emphasizing the importance of understanding seafood consumption parameters for future risk-benefit assessments. Additionally, the study investigated fish and seafood consumption patterns, behaviours, determinants, and seafood allergies to gain a better understanding of the implications of seafood consumption rates within the Sri Lankan context.