Discoid Meniscus: Advanced Techniques of Meniscal Stabilization and Reconstruction

Discoid meniscus is the most common congenital anomaly of the knee, representing an abnormal variant of the normal crescent-shaped meniscus. The lateral meniscus is almost exclusively involved, although case reports and small series of medial discoid meniscus have emerged. Discoid menisci have increased meniscal width and—in most instances—height, abnormal collagen arrangement, and decreased vascularity. A subset of cases exhibit abnormal meniscotibial or meniscocapsular attachments, leading to meniscal instability. Management of discoid meniscus has evolved, with modern treatment emphasizing recontouring and stabilization of the tissue to maintain or restore the long-term function of the meniscus. This review explores modern surgical techniques in managing discoid meniscus to help surgeons maximize patient outcomes.