Sainan Li, Haiyan Zhu, Yongyan Chen, Qianhui Cheng, Chen Yang, Jufen Liu, Lei Jin, Zhiwen Li, Aiguo Ren, Linlin Wang
{"title":"产前共暴露于邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物和双酚与神经管缺陷的关系","authors":"Sainan Li, Haiyan Zhu, Yongyan Chen, Qianhui Cheng, Chen Yang, Jufen Liu, Lei Jin, Zhiwen Li, Aiguo Ren, Linlin Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01099-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the most common birth defects. Phthalates and bisphenols are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can disrupt the endocrine system by altering hormone levels. However, there is no study on the associations between co-exposure to phthalate metabolites and bisphenols and risk of fetal NTDs.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A case–control study was conducted among 286 participants in China from 2005 to 2016. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the levels of 25 EDCs in placenta. Logistic regression and multipollutant models were used to evaluate the single and co-exposure effects of EDCs on NTD risk, with maternal age, gestational weeks at placenta collection, pre-pregnancy body mass index, history of birth defects, folate supplementation during pregnancy, and smoking status as covariates. This study also assessed whether gestational exposure to mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in pregnant mice induces NTDs in offspring.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Individual exposure to high levels of MEHP, mono-octyl phthalate, and mono-cyclohexyl phthalate was associated with increased NTD risk [odds ratio (OR) = 2.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 7.43; OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.15, 7.85; OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.08, 7.18]. Multipollutant models showed a positive correlation between the EDCs mixture levels and NTD risk, with MEHP and bisphenol Z as the main contributors. In animal experiments, NTD rates increased with MEHP dosage, showing a statistically significant trend.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This is the first study to evaluate the single and co-exposure effects of phthalate metabolites during pregnancy on NTD risk. Our findings suggest that exposure to phthalate metabolites and bisphenols during pregnancy may increase the risk of NTDs, and policies regarding phthalates and bisphenols exposure in the environment should be strengthened.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01099-5.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Associations of prenatal co-exposure to phthalate metabolites and bisphenols with neural tube defects\",\"authors\":\"Sainan Li, Haiyan Zhu, Yongyan Chen, Qianhui Cheng, Chen Yang, Jufen Liu, Lei Jin, Zhiwen Li, Aiguo Ren, Linlin Wang\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12302-025-01099-5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the most common birth defects. Phthalates and bisphenols are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can disrupt the endocrine system by altering hormone levels. However, there is no study on the associations between co-exposure to phthalate metabolites and bisphenols and risk of fetal NTDs.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A case–control study was conducted among 286 participants in China from 2005 to 2016. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the levels of 25 EDCs in placenta. Logistic regression and multipollutant models were used to evaluate the single and co-exposure effects of EDCs on NTD risk, with maternal age, gestational weeks at placenta collection, pre-pregnancy body mass index, history of birth defects, folate supplementation during pregnancy, and smoking status as covariates. This study also assessed whether gestational exposure to mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in pregnant mice induces NTDs in offspring.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Individual exposure to high levels of MEHP, mono-octyl phthalate, and mono-cyclohexyl phthalate was associated with increased NTD risk [odds ratio (OR) = 2.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 7.43; OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.15, 7.85; OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.08, 7.18]. Multipollutant models showed a positive correlation between the EDCs mixture levels and NTD risk, with MEHP and bisphenol Z as the main contributors. In animal experiments, NTD rates increased with MEHP dosage, showing a statistically significant trend.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This is the first study to evaluate the single and co-exposure effects of phthalate metabolites during pregnancy on NTD risk. 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Associations of prenatal co-exposure to phthalate metabolites and bisphenols with neural tube defects
Introduction
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the most common birth defects. Phthalates and bisphenols are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can disrupt the endocrine system by altering hormone levels. However, there is no study on the associations between co-exposure to phthalate metabolites and bisphenols and risk of fetal NTDs.
Methods
A case–control study was conducted among 286 participants in China from 2005 to 2016. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the levels of 25 EDCs in placenta. Logistic regression and multipollutant models were used to evaluate the single and co-exposure effects of EDCs on NTD risk, with maternal age, gestational weeks at placenta collection, pre-pregnancy body mass index, history of birth defects, folate supplementation during pregnancy, and smoking status as covariates. This study also assessed whether gestational exposure to mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in pregnant mice induces NTDs in offspring.
Results
Individual exposure to high levels of MEHP, mono-octyl phthalate, and mono-cyclohexyl phthalate was associated with increased NTD risk [odds ratio (OR) = 2.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 7.43; OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.15, 7.85; OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.08, 7.18]. Multipollutant models showed a positive correlation between the EDCs mixture levels and NTD risk, with MEHP and bisphenol Z as the main contributors. In animal experiments, NTD rates increased with MEHP dosage, showing a statistically significant trend.
Conclusion
This is the first study to evaluate the single and co-exposure effects of phthalate metabolites during pregnancy on NTD risk. Our findings suggest that exposure to phthalate metabolites and bisphenols during pregnancy may increase the risk of NTDs, and policies regarding phthalates and bisphenols exposure in the environment should be strengthened.
期刊介绍:
ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation.
ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation.
ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation.
Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues.
Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.