Proteomics analysis of the mechanism of the treatment of corneal injury in dry-eye mice

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular surface disorder affecting millions globally. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the traditional Chinese medicine formula Qingxuan Runmu Yin decoction (QXRMY) is effective in treating DED. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of corneal damage in DED and evaluate QXRMY's therapeutic effects. A total of 120 C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, DED model, and QXRMY treatment groups. DIA sequencing of corneal tissue identified 2411 differentially expressed proteins. Enrichment analysis revealed these proteins were involved in RNA polymerase II regulation, apoptosis, and protein phosphorylation. KEGG pathway analysis highlighted key roles of the PI3K/AKT, HIF-1 signaling pathways, and cytoskeleton regulation in QXRMY's effects. FL, BUT, Schirmer I tests, HE, and PAS staining confirmed corneal damage in DED and the repair effects of QXRMY. ELISA showed QXRMY significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, suggesting anti-inflammatory properties. PCR and Western blot further confirmed QXRMY repairs corneal damage via the PI3K/AKT/HIF1α pathway. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of DED and supports QXRMY's therapeutic potential in treating DED by alleviating inflammation and promoting corneal repair.