Magnetic and Thermal Radiation Effects on Hematocrit-Dependent Blood Nanofluid Flow in an Inclined Stenotic Artery with Heat Generation

This study investigates the hematocrit-dependent flow of blood nanofluid in an inclined stenotic artery, considering the effects of magnetic fields, thermal radiation, porous media, Hall effects, and heat generation. Using blood as the base fluid and iron oxide \((Fe_{3}O_{4})\) as nanoparticles, we model the flow through a cylindrical tube with mild stenosis. The governing equations, which are coupled nonlinear partial differential equations, are transformed into a non-dimensional form for analysis. Numerical solutions are obtained using the finite difference method (FDM) with MAPLE software. The study focuses on how the velocity and temperature profiles vary along the radial axis within the stenotic region for varying values of prominent parameters, along with an analysis of heat transfer rates and skin friction coefficients in relation to stenosis height. Key findings reveal that the magnetic field significantly reduces blood velocity due to the Lorentz force, while increased hematocrit levels elevate viscosity, further impeding flow. Thermal radiation enhances temperature profiles, promoting convective flow within the blood. Additionally, the temperature profiles near the centerline of the stenosed artery increase with the magnetic field and decrease with the Hall parameter; however, an opposite trend is observed near the stenotic walls of the artery. Furthermore, an increase in stenotic height leads to a significant rise in the skin friction coefficient, attributed to enhanced shear stress at the arterial walls. Conversely, the heat transfer rate exhibits a complex relationship; while lower stenotic heights facilitate improved thermal exchange due to increased flow velocity, higher stenotic heights tend to restrict flow, resulting in reduced heat transfer efficiency.