Adsorption of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe3+ Ions in a Ternary System from Aqueous Solutions on Industrial Waste 4A Zeolite: Characterization, Dynamic, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

The adsorption of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions in a ternary system on waste zeolite 4A was examined under various experimental conditions (concentration, pH, solid/liquid ratio and temperature).The physicochemical and micro-structural characterization (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis) techniques were applied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was highlighted the bands characteristic of functional groups Me-(H₂O), O–H (H₂O), C–O, Me–Si–OH, Me–O and Si–OH of 4A and adsorbed by Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions (CFZ4A). The nature and coordination environment of these species were demonstrated by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy. The results show that the experimental adsorption capacities of the studied ions in the ternary system were respectively 79.125, 47.207 and 95.185 mg/g for Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺. Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Freundlich equilibrium models give the best fit for the Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions according to R² and the minimum values of Akaike information criteria. Elovich and Double exponential kinetics models are most appropriate to describe the adsorption data of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions and Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model describes well the Fe³⁺ ions. The increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the free energy which indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and more favorable at high temperatures. The fixation of copper, zinc and iron ions in a ternary system on the waste of commercial zeolite 4A shows certain selectivity according to the following order: Fe³⁺> Cu²⁺>Zn²⁺.