Management of Late-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis with Treat-to-Target Strategy.

The incidence of patients with late-onset rheumatoid arthritis (LORA) is increasing. The clinical diagnosis of LORA is essentially the same as that of young-onset rheumatoid arthritis (YORA), but special attention should be paid to the differences in clinical features between LORA and YORA. Undertreatment of LORA can lead to reduced physical function and increased societal burden. The treat-to-target strategy has been successfully applied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but evidence supporting this strategy is still insufficient for LORA. A wide range of factors should be considered and evaluated in addition to age and RA-related factors, including comorbidity/organ damage, psycho-neurological factors, socio-economic factors and frailty. Considering the proportion of patients with LORA achieving clinical remission or low disease activity in observational studies, the treat-to-target strategy could be stratified by age. Patients with LORA aged < 75 years are treated according to the treat-to-target algorithm used for all patients with RA, with clinical remission as the main target and low disease activity as the alternative target. In patients with LORA aged ≥ 75 years, the initial main target is set at low disease activity, which can be escalated to clinical remission with appropriate adaptation of treatment if a favourable balance of effectiveness and safety is struck at the time of achieving low disease activity by 6 months of treatment. Evidence of the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of methotrexate, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, Janus kinase inhibitors and glucocorticoids in patients with LORA is accumulating, but further research is warranted.