A qualitative exploration of Australian women's vaccination experiences and information needs for routine, COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in pregnancy

Problem

New maternal vaccine introduction may affect pregnant women's information needs and decision-making processes.

Background

The number of vaccines available to pregnant women in Australia has doubled with the introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic and recent approval of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine.

Aim

This study explored the maternal vaccine experiences and evolving information needs of Australian pregnant women during and since the pandemic.

Methods

This qualitative study recruited participants through social media and a Melbourne public antenatal clinic. Eligible women were either pregnant mid-pandemic (gave birth May 2021-April 2022) or pregnant post-pandemic during the study period (June 2023-March 2024). Online interviews exploring information-seeking and decision-making practices for influenza, pertussis, COVID-19, and maternal RSV vaccines were inductively thematically analysed.

Findings

We interviewed twenty-two women with different levels of vaccine acceptance, identifying four themes: (i) “Full mother mode” to protect the baby - perceived disease risk influenced vaccine decision-making; (ii) “Fear of the unknown and comfort of the familiar” – testing and safety data on known vaccines provided confidence. More information was needed for the new RSV vaccine due to less familiarity; (iii) Whatever the provider says, “she's the professional” - providers’ recommendations and personal vaccine decisions provided reassurance; (iv) “I want time to learn about it" – women preferred consistent information early in pregnancy for unhurried decision-making.

Conclusion

Information about new maternal vaccines like RSV should be provided early in pregnancy, emphasising vaccine testing rigour, effectiveness and safety for the baby. Consistent recommendations across providers are essential.