埃塞俄比亚西北部接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的儿童结核病发病率及危险因素

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

International Journal of Public Health Pub Date : 2025-03-20 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/ijph.2025.1607892

Getaneh Endalew, Melkamu Bedimo Beyene, Ayalew Kassie, Gizachew Tadesse Wassie

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目标：结核病（TB）是一个重大的全球性健康问题，尤其是对感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的儿童而言。因此，本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西北部接受抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）儿童的结核病发病率及其预测因素：方法：采用简单随机抽样的方法，从患者登记册（2011-2020 年）中抽取 428 名接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的儿童进行回顾性随访研究。数据分析采用 STATA 统计软件。采用 Cox 回归模型探讨结核病感染的预测因素：研究发现，结核病的发病密度为每百人年 3.37 例。接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的儿童肺结核发病的风险因素包括：与活动性肺结核病例有接触史、错过异烟肼预防性治疗、根据世界卫生组织临床分期为艾滋病毒/艾滋病晚期、服药依从性差以及疫苗接种情况不完整：结论：接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的儿童结核病发病率很高，尤其是在入学后的第一年。结论：接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的儿童的结核病发病率很高，尤其是在入学后的第一年。接种疫苗不全、服药依从性差、错过异烟肼预防治疗、有结核病接触史以及处于世界卫生组织临床分期晚期的儿童患结核病的风险更高。

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Incidence and Risk Factors of Tuberculosis among Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Northwest, Ethiopia.

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue, especially for children living with HIV/AIDS. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of TB among children on Anti-retroviral treatment (ART) and its predictors in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 428 children on ART using simple random sampling from patient registries (2011-2020). STATA statistical software was used for data analysis. The Cox regression model was used to explore predictors of TB infection.

Result: The study found that the incidence density of TB was 3.37 cases per 100 person-years. The risk factors for TB incidence among children on ART included a history of contact with active TB cases, missed isoniazid preventive therapy, advanced HIV/AIDS stages according to WHO clinical staging, poor drug adherence, and incomplete vaccination status.

Conclusion: The incidence of TB among children on ART is high, particularly within the first year of enrollment. Children with incomplete vaccination, poor adherence, missed isoniazid prophylaxis, a history of TB contact, and advanced WHO clinical stage are at an increased risk of TB incidence.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Public Health 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

2.20%

发文量

269

审稿时长

12 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Public Health publishes scientific articles relevant to global public health, from different countries and cultures, and assembles them into issues that raise awareness and understanding of public health problems and solutions. The Journal welcomes submissions of original research, critical and relevant reviews, methodological papers and manuscripts that emphasize theoretical content. IJPH sometimes publishes commentaries and opinions. Special issues highlight key areas of current research. The Editorial Board''s mission is to provide a thoughtful forum for contemporary issues and challenges in global public health research and practice.