Deep learning for algorithmic trading: A systematic review of predictive models and optimization strategies

Algorithmic trading has revolutionized financial markets, offering rapid and efficient trade execution. The integration of deep learning (DL) into these systems has further enhanced predictive capabilities, providing sophisticated models that capture complex, non-linear market patterns. This systematic literature review explores recent advancements in the application of DL algorithms to algorithmic trading with a focus on optimizing financial market predictions. We analyze and synthesize the key DL architectures, such as recurrent neural networks (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and hybrid models, to evaluate their performance in predicting stock prices, volatility, and market trends. The review highlights current challenges, such as data noise, overfitting, and interpretability, while discussing emerging solutions and future research directions. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of how DL reshapes algorithmic trading and its potential to improve decision-making processes in volatile financial environments.