Palette-based color harmonization.

We present a palette-based framework for color composition for visual applications and three large-scale, wide-ranging perceptual studies on the perception of color harmonization. We abstract relationships between palette colors as a compact set of axes describing harmonic templates over perceptually uniform color wheels. Our framework provides a basis for interactive color-aware operations such as color harmonization of images and videos. Because our approach to harmonization is palette-based, we are able to conduct the first controlled perceptual experiments evaluating preferences for harmonized images and color palettes. In a third study, we compare preference for archetypical harmonic palettes. In total, our studies involved over 1000 participants. We found that participants do not prefer harmonized images and that some archetypal palettes are reliably viewed as less harmonious than random palettes. These studies raise important questions for research and artistic practice.