土拨鼠报警叫声中的非线性现象:一种编码恐惧的机制?

IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
Daniel T Blumstein
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我回顾了一个土拨鼠的案例研究,它为非线性和恐惧假说的经验基础做出了贡献,这解释了为什么某些非线性声学现象(NLP)在极端高风险的情况下产生,并传达了高度的紧迫性。黄腹土拨鼠(Marmota flavventer)在探测到掠食者威胁时,会发出警报,在某些情况下,还会发出恐惧的尖叫声。先前对土拨鼠的研究表明,叫声的产生与呼叫者所经历的风险程度有关,而且它们是独特的。接收方响应呼叫,对呼叫方可靠性的变化很敏感。呼叫也包含非线性声学现象。研究表明,被社会隔离的动物和感染了艾美耳虫(一种肠道寄生虫)的动物会发出“更嘈杂”的叫声。然而,可能处于更大压力下的动物(用粪便糖皮质激素代谢物来测量)发出的叫声更有条理,噪音更小。NLP的加入提高了接受者的反应能力。报警信号中的NLP具有适度的遗传性。总之,对土拨鼠NLP的研究增强了我们对警报叫声中编码的潜在信息的理解,并与NLP产生的变化传达恐惧的假设相一致,这刺激了与其他物种(包括人类)的合作。本文是“脊椎动物发声的非线性现象:机制和交流功能”主题的一部分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Nonlinear phenomena in marmot alarm calls: a mechanism encoding fear?

I review a case study of marmots that contributed to the empirical basis of the nonlinearity and fear hypothesis, which explains why certain nonlinear acoustic phenomena (NLP) are produced in extremely high-risk situations and communicate high urgency. In response to detecting predatory threats, yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) emit alarm calls and, in some situations, emit fear screams. Prior work on marmots has shown that call production is associated with the degree of risk the caller experiences and that they are individually distinctive. Receivers respond to calls and are sensitive to variation in caller reliability. Calls also contain nonlinear acoustic phenomena. Work has shown that socially isolated animals and those infected with Eimeria, an intestinal parasite, produced 'noisier' calls. However, animals that were likely under greater stress (as measured with faecal glucocorticoid metabolites) produced more structured and less noisy calls. The addition of NLP increases responsiveness in receivers. NLP in alarm calls have modest heritability. Taken together, the study of NLP in marmots has enhanced our understanding of the potential information encoded in alarm calls and is consistent with the hypothesis that variation in NLP production communicates fear, which stimulates work with other species, including humans.This article is part of the theme issue 'Nonlinear phenomena in vertebrate vocalizations: mechanisms and communicative functions'.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
1.60%
发文量
365
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes topics across the life sciences. As long as the core subject lies within the biological sciences, some issues may also include content crossing into other areas such as the physical sciences, social sciences, biophysics, policy, economics etc. Issues generally sit within four broad areas (although many issues sit across these areas): Organismal, environmental and evolutionary biology Neuroscience and cognition Cellular, molecular and developmental biology Health and disease.
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