Decreased plasma lipoxin A4, resolvin D1, protectin D1 are correlated with the complexity and prognosis of coronary heart disease: A retrospective cohort study

This study aimed to assess the predictive capacity of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) regarding the complexity and prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Total of 602 CHD patients were included in this study and categorized into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups based on the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score. Follow-up was conducted for two years, during which patients were dichotomized into poor and good prognosis groups. Additionally, twenty healthy controls were incorporated. Plasma concentrations of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), resolvin D1 (RvD1), protectin D1 (PD1), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 were quantified. Plasma LXA4, RvD1, PD1, and the ratios LXA4/IL-6, RvD1/IL-6, PD1/IL-6 exhibited a gradual decrease across control, low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups and exhibited a negative correlation with the SYNTAX score. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed negative correlations between plasma LXA4, RvD1, PD1, and both CRP and IL-6, and positive correlations with IL-10. Multiple linear regression models demonstrated negative associations between plasma LXA4, RvD1, PD1, and SYNTAX score. Moreover, both univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses identified plasma LXA4, RvD1, and PD1 as protective factors against medium/high-risk SYNTAX score categorization. In the poor prognosis group, plasma PD1 was reduced at short-term follow-up, and the ratios LXA4/IL-6, RvD1/IL-6, PD1/IL-6 were reduced at long-term follow-up. Plasma LXA4, RvD1, and PD1 demonstrated negative correlations with CHD complexity and potentially served as protective factors against CHD. Plasma PD1 provided predictive value for short-term prognosis, while the ratios LXA4/IL-6, RvD1/IL-6, PD1/IL-6 were indicative for long-term prognosis.