Diabetes and Wellness Smartphone Applications for Self-Management Among Adults With Diabetes in the United States.

Background: Diabetes self-management plays a vital role in improving clinical outcomes and the quality of life of individuals living with diabetes. Despite considerable research on its impact on clinical outcomes, diabetes self-management continues to be challenging for many individuals living with the condition. As part of the growth in digital health technologies for diabetes care, smartphone applications present potential opportunities to bridge the existing gaps in self-management and improve patient outcomes.

Method: Participants (N = 3241 people with diabetes) were recruited to answer questions about diabetes self-management, including their use of digital tools, their preferences for smartphone applications for diabetes, and the preferred functions of these applications they found useful. Frequency distributions and chi-square analyses were performed to examine the demographic differences among users of diabetes and general wellness applications.

Results: Among participants, 30.2% reported using health applications specifically made for diabetes management, while 33.9% reported using health applications that were not diabetes-specific. Considerable differences in demographic characteristics were found between users and nonusers of both diabetes-specific and general health applications groups. The most preferred applications provided the opportunity to engage with continuous glucose monitoring data (i.e., continuous measurement; 47.4%) followed by glucose monitoring (i.e., single reading measurement; 20.9%), food intake trackers (23.6%), and fitness goal trackers (22.8%).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the use of digital health technologies is popular for people living with diabetes, but more needs to be done to ensure wider adoption and sustained use.